High arterial pressure or hypertension is the amount of power that the blood applies to the walls of the arteries when it flows along them.If a person has high blood pressure, then the walls of the arteries are too high.
Increased blood pressure is a fairly common disease, and especially in women aged 40 years.
This ailment is manifested very slowly.At first, a person has weakness, poor sleep and dizziness.Then there comes rapid fatigue, a rush of blood to the head, fingers go numb, and small "flies" flash in front of the eyes.
The reasons for the development of the disease
What reasons contribute to the formation of hypertension?Factors have not yet been fully studied that contribute to increasing blood pressure, both in children and in adults.Now the following reasons can be distinguished:
- emotional overstrain, stress;
- age;
- alcohol and smoking;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- consumption in large amounts of salt food, and in small liquids;
- diabetes mellitus;
- kidney diseases;
- Excess weight;
- the use of some medicines (for example, blood pressure in women increases when taking contraceptive drugs);
- Hereditary factors.
Symptoms
Over the past years, hypertension has been much younger.In the case of constant stress, neurosis, inactive life, smoking, this disease affects young people and even children.
For increased pressure, the symptoms are as follows:
- overwork;
- headache;
- heart pain;
- Hypertensive crisis.
Consider each of the presented symptoms in more detail.
Overwork
The first signal that you have high indicators of blood pressure is a condition that resembles overwork or a slight cold.The following symptoms occur:
- certain irritability,
- drowsiness during the day
- sleep disturbances at night
- the impossibility will focus
- redness of eyeballs.
Most people do not take such manifestations seriously, although completely in vain.Indeed, if arterial pressure at rest is in adults 140/90 mm Hg.Art.and in children 120/90 mm RT.Art., and there is also a tendency to subsequent increase, we can argue about a mild form of a hypertensive disease.
All men whose age exceeds 40 years (according to statistics, the development of hypertension in men is several times more often than in women), as well as people who are at risk (suffering from overweight, diabetics) are required to carry out regular measurement of blood pressure.
Headaches
When the further development of the disease is observed, then in hypertension, headaches of a aching, as well as compressive nature begin to occur.Together with this symptom, OPALISTS can diagnose a change in the eye day and the presence of atrophic processes in the retina.
The presented manifestations may indicate that there is increased intraocular pressure.Such a disorder can be a signal for serious vision diseases.
When at rest, blood pressure in adults is 160/100 mm Hg.Art., and in children 130/100 mm Hg.Art., then you need to urgently go to a cardiologist and take special antihypertensive drugs.Such arterial pressure indicators are dangerous for health.
Heart pain in the heart
In combination with headache, patients with high pressure complain of pain attacks on the left side of the chest.The pains presented can give in the left hand and break the rhythm of the heart.
The presented symptoms may indicate that increased blood pressure contributed to the formation of pathological changes in the coronary arteries and the muscle of the heart.This must be included:
- coronary heart disease,
- angina pectoris;
- An increase in the left ventricle, accompanied by a decrease in cardiac output and the formation of heart failure.
In the case of timely therapy of increased pressure, pathological processes in the heart are reversible, but the patient needs to lead a healthy lifestyle and take antihypertensive drugs.
Hypertensive crisis
When in the patient, hypertension occurs in medium and severe forms (blood pressure in adults reaches 160/100 mm Hg, and in children 130/100 mm Hg), hypertensive crises are formed.They arise due to a significant increase in pressure, in contrast to the usual one.
Symptoms of intracranial pressure
What signs are observed in a person with high intracranial pressure?First, you need to understand that intracranial pressure is an excess or lack of cerebrospinal fluid in a particular part of the skull, formed by a violation of its circulation.
Increased intracranial pressure symptoms in adults are as follows:
- deterioration in lateral and central vision;
- Benefice of vision, "fog in the eyes";
- swelling on the eyelids, face;
- noise in the ears, hearing loss;
- frequent headaches, gradually acquiring constant character;
- pain attacks at the top of the cervical vertebra, spinal cord;
- Fast fatigue, a sense of weakness.
Signs of intracranial pressure in children are the following
- In newborn children there is an expansion of the seams, the dimensions of the head increase faster compared to the size of the body, the protruding fontanel, the occurrence of strabismus.
- In children of preschool and school age, pain in the head, strabismus, lethargy, fatigue, irritability, high sensitivity to bright lighting are observed.
Necessary therapy
Treatment of high pressure in both adults and in children is reduced to a decrease in all factors that caused this condition:
- reduction of excess weight;
- compliance with the normal daily routine, good sleep;
- compliance with proper nutrition, reduction of salt consumption;
- optimal drinking mode;
- a ban on tobacco, alcohol;
Mandatory for the treatment of high pressure is the use of certain medications.The appointment of the drug, its dosage should be carried out only by an experienced specialist and depends on the symptoms of the disease.
It is not possible to completely cure hypertension, but subject to the correct lifestyle and the implementation of all the prescriptions of doctors in hypertension, well -being will improve, and he will be able to live a normal full life.
Increased intraocular pressure can be cured only surgically.To maintain the normal condition of the patient, he is prescribed diuretics and drugs that improve metabolic and hematopoietic processes.
Complications
According to doctors, people suffering from hypertension are most prone to arteriosclerosis.Therefore, they most often have a stroke and heart attack.In the case of increased pressure, both in children and adults, lameness may occur, since normal blood supply to the legs is disturbed.
The main problem of all consequences is the pressure on the heart, as a result of which it should work with increased load.With this disease, the heart is not able to cope with increased load, so a small and large circle of blood circulation is disturbed.As a result, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, swelling of the limbs occurs.The complications presented are the cause of death.
The next dangerous consequence of hypertension is brain complications.When increased pressure is observed in a person for a long period, then spot hemorrhages occur in the vessels of the retina.Such consequences lead to a violation of blood supply, which causes degeneration and retinopathy.All this contributes to the dimming of vision and blindness.
Preventive measures
If there is a hereditary hypertension, then it is necessary to constantly control your well -being and measure pressure in time.In addition, it is necessary:
- observe proper nutrition,
- reduce salt intake,
- refuse alcohol,
- lead an active healthy lifestyle,
- Do not be subjected to stressful situations.
Hypertension is a very dangerous disease.Despite the fact that most often high pressure affects not only women after forty, this condition is characteristic of men and even children.Therefore, you do not need to think that a repeated increase in pressure is the norm.When the symptoms described above appear, you need to urgently go to a cardiologist’s consultation.